Human Capital, Inequality and Growth in Transition Economies Essay Example for Free

Human Capital, Inequality and Growth in Transition Economies Essay Human Capital can be characterized as the aggregation of skills and information in people increased through training and experience, not overlooking their character traits. All these set up empower people effectivley perform beneficial and income creating financial exercises. Such skilled people in a general public are on occasion reffered to as a workforce or laborforce. A few instances of interests in people that bring about human capital are instruction, wellbeing and preparing. As Becker says, human capital speculations raise the gaining capacity of people, improve wellbeing and add to an individuals’ decent propensities. The term imbalance by and large alludes to abberations in access to circumstances or assets among people, gatherings or even nations. A portion of the basic reasons for imbalance are; sexual orientation, race, age, geological area and even social practices. Imbalance ordinarily brings about noticeable contrasts in levels of development and improvement of people or starting with one society then onto the next. Training is the procedure through which people can gain fundamental abilities essential forever. It is the comprehension and understanding of information that enables people to build up a consistent and reasonable psyche. The objective brain is then can decide connections amongts appropriate factors, along these lines encouraging comprehension. Instruction includes finishing educational plan based fixed time accomplishments, planned for building proficient abilities. At the individual level, it builds up the capacities and possibilities of the individual in order to set them up to be effective in a particular society or culture. For this situation subsequently, training serves an individuals’developmental needs. At the point when instruction occurs at the cultural level, it is in this way characterized as a procedure by which society transmits to new individuals the qualities, convictions, information and symbollic articulations that make correspondence conceivable inside that society. In this sense, training serves a social and social capacity. Roland (2000) says that progress financial matters, otherwise called change financial matters alludes to a state whereby economies have step by step changed over from communism to free enterprise, a model being the previous communist economies. There is a move from normalized costs and financial speculations to foundations equipped towards a higher proficiency. This change can possibly flourish if there is continued government and political help. The Soviet Union in full, is known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), It was portrayed by a solitary socialist ideological group, an arranged economy and the KGB security organization which firmly observed exercises inside the association. USSR was framed in December 1922 and by 1956, it was involved 15 nations with Moscow being the capital city. The fifteen nations included; Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Disintegration of USSR started in 1985 and proceeded upto 1991, with the fifteen part states picking up their autonomy a couple of months before the Soviet Union crumbled in late 1991. Following the breakdown of the Soviet Union, rebuilding of the regulatory capacities and improvement of a market put together framework was promptly set out with respect to through Yeltsins’ stun program. The point was to improve ways of life, guarantee evenhanded asset portion, make new creation roads, advance progression, and give impetuses through privatization exercises. In any case, a free and changed market didn't come without ny challenges. By 1992 Russia endured a deppressed future, twenty five percent of the populace lived in wretched destitution, there were low birthrates, and a descending inclining Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Be that as it may, because of expanded speculation exercises, exploitatation of important characteristic assets and expanded business advancement activites, the economy started to make critical improvement. The point of this paper is to investigate how training as a factor of human capital and imbalance impacted development experiencing significant change economies, regarding the previous Soviet Union nations (FSU). Hypothetical research Human capital with respect to training and levels of imbalance both affect the development experienced on the move economies. This development is along these lines a final product of value instructive ventures and evenhanded dispersion and assignment of essential assets over a nation. Such a theory makes development the reliant variable whose result is impacted by two free factors in particular; instruction and imbalance. Perception of development and advancement drifts on the move economies and the creating scene, have indicated that training can have both positive and negative effects on an economy. One of the constructive effects is that people who have the applicable information and abilities required by associations can get to all the more likely openings for work rather than the individuals who are inadequately taught. Furthermore, significant levels of training empower people to make sure about employments in different nations, in this manner assisting with mitigating the issue of unemployement in their motherland. Spagat (2002) saw that during Russia’s progress, scholarly people were increasingly roused to seek after more instruction openings and consequently, turned out to be effective in their professions. Concerning the financial progress in the previous Soviet Union nations (FSU), taught guardians who despite everything held training in high regard, were extremely centered around guaranteeing that their kids procured a similar degree of instruction as them or much higher. While then again those guardians who saw training as a weight as opposed to a speculation concentrated on the absolute minimum, that is, essential instruction. The consequence of this mentality was that these specific families stayed caught at fundamental instruction level as was their entrance to salary creating openings. Through instruction and preparing, people get critical thinking abilities and business visionary administration aptitudes which inturn, assist them with setting up and work fruitful endeavors, in the process making business openings. Moreover, as the field of instruction develops inside a nation with more colleges, universities, secondary schools and grade schools being built, more openings for work are made in the training division. People who are accomplished are probably going to make sure about better paying employments, which inturn expands their buying power in addition to it builds the interest for merchandise and ventures accessible in the economy. The net impact of this, is formation of more employment opportunites in the creation and administration divisions. These people can improve their ways of life including those of their dependants. What's more, issues of wellbeing and ripeness are settled on from a learned point, (Newell and Reilly, 1999). Through training, people are presented to society and they secure significant characteristics and qualities that can assist them with upgrading their ability to associate and relate with different people in the public eye. Thus, they ready to adjust and adapt to the elements of the working environment. To wrap things up, training as a supporter of human capital upgrades financial development and advancement in a nation, since the human capital is prepared on the best way to misuse the countrys’natural assets productively. Nations coming up short on this human capital are neither ready to abuse their assets sufficiently, nor are they ready to build up their economy at the ideal pace. Barro (1998) contends that human capital upgrades assimilation and utilization of prevalent innovations from different nations. Youthful and instructed people under the direction of the more established society can lead innovative work. The improved innovation in a transitional economy upgrades the speed and nature of creation of merchandise and ventures, through improved and more cost productive work forms. The youthful businesses are thusly ready to satisfy rising needs, both residential and remote consequently expanding their incomes and expenses to the administration. Munich et al (1999), contend that in a progress economy, government backing and uplifting mentality towards interests in human capital is fundamental. The legislature needs to allot assets for instance for building schools and furthermore for luring individuals to take a crack at this schools. Be that as it may, the upkeep of the enlistment levels is a proceeded with process whose financial advantages are just acknowledged after some time as was found in the Czech Republic. On the side of this contention, Spagat (1995) cautions that it is despite the fact that human capital takes a long time to collect, it really takes a brief time to crumble, subsequently governments can't stand to defer this venture, even incidentally. The administrations must guarantee that training and different aptitudes are moved viably starting with one age then onto the next. Rebuilding of training, should be done from the earliest starting point of the change from communism, so as to quickly improve educations’ quality. There is a multiplier impact that accompanies better quality training. The first being an expanded access to openings for work, higher wages and therefore more duty income for the legislature. The significant impact nonetheless, is that it sets the measures for people in the future, both as far as nature of instruction and future wages, (Spagat, 2002). Fan et al (1999) said that the youngsters of Russia during the change had practically no inspiration to invest energy to seek after training. This is on the grounds that the instruction framework had not been rebuilt to coordinate the market-situated framework and along these lines the profits were not high. World Bank (1995) blamed Russia for focusing on regurgitating researchers and designers as opposed to creating a blend of experts

Determine whether compensation and overtime applies to exempt and Essay - 1

Decide if pay and extra time applies to absolve and non-excluded security work force in your state - Essay Example in our numbers of late and we have to play get up.† â€Å"Will we be getting overtime?† Bob the representative asks, however he definitely knows the reaction. â€Å"Good one, that’s why we moved you to pay remember?† Joe laughs as he strolls back to his office. Decency, in laborers time and exertion, versus pay has for quite some time been a minefield for debate in the working environment. Normally the laborer will in general feel exhausted and came up short on, and the proprietor will in general feel the representative is underworked and overpaid. Throughout the years claims on pay and additional time have emerged ordinarily, and the choices made by the Supreme Court in deciphering the constitution have enormously affected the manner in which these two are taken care of. So as to explore these laws and how they are applied in more noteworthy detail we are going to take one gathering of representatives, security staff, and perceive how extra time and remune ration are managed for them in the province of Texas. We will do this by characterizing additional time, by taking a gander at what FLSA and the states state, by figuring out who is viewed as excluded and non-absolved workers, and by taking a gander at how the United States Supreme Court instance of Garcia v. City of San Antonio applies. The specific meaning of extra time is any work done notwithstanding ordinary working hours (Lovett, 2011). Anyway this prompts the inquiry what are standard working hours? Normal working hours can be resolved in a few different ways. The primary route is by custom. This implies the measure of hours that is viewed as solid or sensible by society. In the United States the custom for standard working hours is forty hours every week. The second way customary working hours can be characterized is by the acts of a given exchange or calling. A normal working week for an air traffic controller, for instance, is anyplace between fifty †seventy hours. The third way customary working hours can be resolved is by enactment. This happens through bills being gone through congress to control the workplace and

Troubles of Freshmen in College

Troubles of Freshmen in College Is It Typical for Freshmen in College to Have Troubles? Home›Consideration Posts›Is It Typical for Freshmen in College to Have Troubles? Consideration PostsSometimes, if a first-year student is not academically and mentally ready for studying, he or she might even fail classes. Usually, the process of transition is easy; but if you have some troubles, we can analyze their possible causes.First Year Seminar Classes for College FreshmenThere are classes that teach first year students how to improve their academic skills and to make the most of their life in college. These classes might be of great help for the struggling freshmen. Educational research proves that the first year seminars are one of the most effective academic retention methods.Keeping Work and College Life in BalanceIf students work a lot and do not have enough time to study, they will definitely face some academic troubles. First-year learners are usually surprised by the amount of time that is needed for studies. If a student wants to be successful, he or she needs to make academia and not a job the first priority. Learners can work a lot during holidays, but it is better for them to work no more than 20 hours during a normal studying week.Academic Preparation for Successful FreshmenSome first-year students need to work harder than their peers do to achieve academic success. If the student did not work hard enough in high school, college life might be rather challenging. In this case, it is advisable to look for assistance in order not to drop out. For example, a student might find a good tutor or find helpful websites online (we can recommend qualitycustomessays.com) to avoid freshmen troubles.College Freshmen InvolvementIn order to enjoy their freshmen life to the fullest, it is advisable for students to engage in various on-campus activities. Students that participate in extracurricular activities tend to be more successful and content with their academic life than those who do not.

Application Room For Breast Imaging - 844 Words

When I entered the medical field over twenty years ago, at the front desk of the radiology department were file cabinets which contained notecards listing the imaging studies performed on each patient. If a patient had previous imaging, we would go to the film file room to retrieve the folder from the rolling storage units. In these heavy folders, along with the films, is also where we would find the typed reports associated with those old exams. After the radiologist compared new studies with the old and dictated a report onto a small cassette tape, the transcriptionist would type the report from the recording and a copy of the report stapled to the paper order for the exam performed was added to the folder. Copies of the reports were filed in medical records and sent to the ordering provider. At the end of each day, all film folders were returned to the file room for storage. In my current practice, imaging orders are entered in the patient’s electronic chart in the Epic co mputer system. When a patient arrives for breast imaging, the relevant medical history is reviewed and updated in the Magview system. Previous images are retrieved from PACS and the current digital study is compared on high resolution computer monitors. With a few mouse clicks in Magview, the radiologist generates a report from the patient history and current findings. Signing off with another click, the report is then immediately added to the patient’s chart and the ordering provider is notified ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Capital Purchase Justification892 Words   |  4 Pagespossible equipment in our facilities. Aside from non-melanoma skin cancer, breast cancer has become the most common cancer among women in the United States. Breast cancer does not discriminate. It is one of the leading causes of death among women of all races and ethnicities (Breast cancer statistics, 2010). 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This helps the medical staff with being ab le to stay in patients’ rooms unlike before. The redesign also included a just like home ambiance to allow patients a relaxed environment and also allows patients the use of their ownRead MoreComputer Technology : Virtual Reality1646 Words   |  7 Pagesdigital devices. Until lately, augmented reality and virtual reality (AR and VR) technologies have served primarily as inspiration for fiction writers and Hollywood special-effects teams. Yet increasingly, both VR and AR are finding more practical application in the enterprise. Apart from that, the hype surrounds each mainly in the dominion of entertainment and gaming making it possible for users to immerse themselves in manufactured surroundings that depict actual places or imaginary. Given that Virtual

The Movie The House I Live - 851 Words

The documentary, The House I Live in, explains how drug use is a social problem and gives statists on whether the war on drugs is effective or not. Some say the war on drugs is very effective and it helping with society, others believe the total opposite that the war on drugs has no effect on society. Since 1971, the rate of illegal drug use has remained unchanged, but with that being said the war on drugs has resulted in more than forty-five million arrests. The war on drugs has cost over one trillion dollars so far to run. This makes many people believe that it is a waste of tax money. When Nixon was president, he compromised two-thirds of his budget to fund treatments and rehabilitation centers instead of putting money directly into law enforcement. During the time, the rehabilitation programs were working miracles. The programs kept many individuals from going back to jail and most importantly helped them stay away from drugs. These programs did not last long because the resourc es to keep the programs running became scarce. Taxpayers also did not like the programs, many rather pay for individuals who are doing drugs to be placed behind bars. Not only does the war on drugs have many positive contributions that come along with it; but it also has an equal amount of negatives. Therefore, the war on drugs is a running epidemic. The effectiveness of the war on drugs is unchangeable due to the targeting of class and race, police officers unwillingness to change drugShow MoreRelatedThe House I Live In Movie Analysis1862 Words   |  8 Pagesof a national emergency. I intend to take every step necessary to deal with this emergency, including asking the Congress for an amendment to my 1972 budget to provide an additional $155 million to carry out these steps. 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One of the most dangerous snakes that the mongoose hunts is the King Cobra. The King Cobra is the most dangerous cobras and also one of the most dangerous snakes. The book â€Å"Rikki Tikki-Tavi† and the movie â€Å"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi†Read MoreA Dolls House Play And Movie Analysis852 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast the Play â€Å"A Doll’s House† To the Movie Introduction The play â€Å"A Dolls House† by Henrik Ibsen was written in 1879. Joseph Losey and Patrick garland in 1973 used the play to adopt a movie version of the play going by the same name. The cast in the movies depicted the characters in the play as described by Henrik Ibsen. This essay will analyze the similarities and the differences between the play by Henrik Ibsen and the films adopted from the play by Joseph Losey and Patrick garland

Pros and Cons of Ethical Theories Free Essays

Ethical Theories- Pros and Cons Katherine Bryson ETH/316 October 15, 2012 Mark Cobia Ethical Theories- Pros and Cons The similarities between the virtue theory, the utilitarianism theory and deontological theory are that they all support good and responsibility. Virtue theory not only concentrates on how an individual acts but also what a person should strive to be, for example a religious figure may personify perfection when in the public when they really should strive for that perfection at all times. The deontological theory states that people â€Å"have a moral obligation to follow certain principles. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Ethical Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now I liken this to the Ten Commandments, rules or principles that we all are expected to follow. â€Å"The utilitarian theories, as supported by John Stuart Mill, call for generating the greatest aggregate good for the greatest number of people. One major benefit of such theories is that they take consequences into account. They seek specifically to promote the human good as a whole. They also provide guidance for behavior, enabling people to know what qualifies as the moral choice. † I will again use the religious area as an example because to me this is what the religious leaders do. They preach to the multitudes to be good and do good and they also offer guidance. The differences between virtue theory, utilitarian and decontological are that â€Å"virtue ethics cannot generate specific rules to guide behavior. † Under the utilitarian theory â€Å"only total human good or happiness matters. † Deontological theories â€Å"do not always clarify how to rank duties. † I lived in a very small community where everyone knew everyone and we all thought we were living the life of good moral standards and values, until one day I saw a very prominent member of the community, enter an establishment that everyone knew was a hangout for drug users. This person was there for a long time and when they came out you could tell they were under the influence. Now according to the deontology theory it was my obligation to report this person to the proper authorities, but I fell short because it meant the demise of a family. References Ridley, Aaron. 1998. Beginning Bioethics. New York: St. Martin’s Press http://www. bio. davidson. edu/people/kabernd/Indep/carainbow/Theories. htm http://www. ehow. com/info_8404891_pros-cons-ethical-theories. html How to cite Pros and Cons of Ethical Theories, Papers

The play The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams Essay Example For Students

The play The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams Essay The play The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, Williams uses many symbols which represent many different things. Many of the symbols used in the play try to symbolize some form of escape or difference between reality and illusion. The first symbol, presented in the first scene, is the fire escape. This represents the bridge between the illusory world of the Wingfields and the world of reality. This bridge seems to be a one way passage. But the direction varies for each character. For Tom, the fire escape is the way out of the world of Amanda and Laura and an entrance into the world of reality. We will write a custom essay on The play The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For Laura, the fire escape is a way into her world. A way to escape from reality. Both examples can readily be seen: Tom will stand outside on the fire escape to smoke, showing that he does not like to be inside, to be a part of the illusionary world. Laura, on the other hand, thinks of the fire escape as a way in and not a way out. This can be seen when Amanda sends Laura to go to the store: Laura trips on the fire escape. This also shows that Lauras fears and emotions greatly affect her physical condition, more so than normal people. Another symbol presented deals more with Tom than any of the other characters: Toms habit of going to the movies shows us his longing to leave the apartment and head out into the world of reality. A place where one can find adventure. And Tom, being a poet, can understand the needs of man to long for adventure and romance. But he is kept from entering reality by Amanda, who criticizes him as being a selfish dreamer. But, Tom has made steps to escape into reality by transferring the payment of a light bill to pay for his dues in the Merchant Seamans Union. Another symbol, which deals with both Amanda and Laura, is Jim OConnor. To Laura, Jim represents the one thing she fears and does not want to face, reality. Jim is a perfect example of the common man. A person with no real outstanding quality. In fact, Jim is rather awkward, which can be seen when he dances with Laura. To Amanda, Jim represents the days of her youth, when she went frolicking about picking jonquils and supposedly having seventeen gentlemen callers on one Sunday afternoon. Although Amanda desires to see Laura settled down with a nice young man, it is hard to tell whether she wanted a gentleman caller to be invited for Laura or for herself. One symbol which is rather obvious is Lauras glass menagerie. Her collection of glass represents her own private world. Set apart from reality, a place where she can hide and be safe. The events that happen to Lauras glass affects Lauras emotional state greatly. When Amanda tells Laura to practice typing, Laura instead plays with her glass. When Amanda is heard walking up the fire escape, she quickly hides her collection. She does this to hide her secret world from the others. When Tom leaves to go to the movies in an angered rush, he accidentally breaks some of Lauras glass. The shattered glass represents Lauras understanding of Toms responsibilities to her. Also, the unicorn, which is important, represents Laura directly. Laura points out to Jim that the unicorn is different, just as she is different. She also points out that the unicorn does not complain of being different, as she does not complain either. And when Jim breaks the horn off the unicorn, Laura points out that now it is like the other horses, just as Laura has shed some of her shyness and become more normal. .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c , .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c .postImageUrl , .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c , .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c:hover , .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c:visited , .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c:active { border:0!important; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c:active , .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub877bd053f446ec12f0608d1fa1d908c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: One of Britain's most popular writers EssayWhen she hands the broken unicorn to Jim, this might represent Laura handing over her broken love to Jim, as Jim has revealed that he is engaged to be married. As can be seen, there are quite a few symbols in this play. And a number of them have diverse meanings. Most of these symbols have a direct meaning in the authors own life. This is understandable seeing that the play is supposed to be memory play. It is obvious that this memory play is based on Williams own memories.

How does McEwan create interest and suspense in the opening chapter of Enduring Love Essay Example

How does McEwan create interest and suspense in the opening chapter of Enduring Love Essay Example How does McEwan create interest and suspense in the opening chapter of Enduring Love Essay How does McEwan create interest and suspense in the opening chapter of Enduring Love Essay Essay Topic: Literature The first chapter of Enduring Love is all about the accident that brings all the characters together in the novel and introduces them to us. There are a lot of interesting techniques used in this chapter which create interest and suspense. There are at least ten points I could talk about but I have decided to talk about three at length. One of the main conventions used by McEwan in the first chapter of Enduring Love is the delaying of information. This convention is used a lot in films and books and works brilliantly in this chapter. McEwan starts by giving us a very brief account of what happened before the accident. The main character Joe and his wife Clarissa are having a picnic, enjoying themselves. They are about to start on a bottle of 1987 Daumas Gassac when they hear a mans shout. This is the point where information about what happened is held from us. There is no description of what is taking place. McEwan uses phrases like the danger and the encounter to describe the event. This is a clever technique to use because it really frustrates us to not know what is going on whilst the character clearly does. It almost forces us to read on. He also releases very small pieces of information about the accident as well, that also allow interest and suspense. Phrases such as the fall, fatal lack of co-operation and this was the last time I ever understood anything clearly at all all add to the tension, making us desperate for the lengthy description that Joe will give to us. Apart from the lack of description of the accident, there is also the fact that Joe keeps getting sidetracked, feeding us information about all of the people that were there that day. About two hundred yards to my left two men ran side by side. They were farm labourers ho had been repairing the fence along the fields southern edge where it skirts the road. This information seems pointless but it just increases our interest in what is happening. This information is creating suspense in an unusual way, but it achieves the desired effect. McEwan does this for the first eight pages of the book, stopping even to reminisce about what he did before going to the park, buying the picnic and Clarissas present for example. Finally he gets to the accident, releasing the tension and burying the reader in the detailed description of the tragedy, in which John Logan, one of the men who try to help, dies. So this method, creating suspense for most of the chapter, works extremely well and gives us an enthralling entrance into the book. The second technique that helps to create interest and suspense in the first chapter is the narration of Joe, the main character. The way he describes things throughout the chapter is very interesting and reveals a lot about his character and his characters traits and foibles, such as his rationalisation of everything. Joe talks retrospectively, which means he talks after the accident. It becomes quite obvious as we progress through the chapter that Joe has had a lot of time to think about what happened that day and it is obviously a very painful memory for him. He lingers on the time before the accident when other outcomes were still possible. He even goes as far to tell us that he doesnt like to talk about it: Im holding back, delaying the information It is quite clear that he has gone over the details of this accident, over and over again, obsessive re-examination as he calls it, and is quite fed up of telling the story and reliving those painful memories. His memories are so clear that he can tell us in detail everything about the parks layout, who was there and what they were doing. He can even remember what wine he was about to drink at the time of the accident, so these memories are obviously still thought about on a daily, and perhaps nightly, basis. All of this helps to create suspense and interest. It makes us think what could it be that could damage a person this much, both emotionally and mentally? and allows us to wonder what it could be whilst keeping us interested in the story because every time we feel sure the accident will be revealed we are thrown back for a few more minutes by Joes reluctance to tell the story. Joe finally reveals the nature of the accident about 3 pages into the book: At the base of the balloon there was a basket in which there was a boy, and by the basket, clinging to a rope, was a man in need of help. This seems to unhinge Joe slightly as he casts us back into the past and starts talking about what he did hours before, such as when he bought the picnic. So Joes narration of the event also helps to create a lot of suspense. The words and phrases that he uses make us yearn to know exactly what is happening. We are teased by his narration during the first chapter and we are kept interested and in suspense by it. McEwan also manages to command a certain amount of suspense and interest whilst describing the accident and the events leading up to Logans death. The fact that everyone was doing their own thing, causing the accident to get way out of hand keeps you absolutely enthralled in the book. You wish and hope that they will work together and save the boy without any fatalities but in the back of your mind, you know what is going to happen before it does, you just need it to be confirmed. This is why we read on here, we need to know, we feel involved somehow and we get drawn in. You can really feel the remorse that Joe feels as he tells the story of how Logan died and when he finally watches as Logan falls. We watched him drop no forgiveness, no special dispensation for flesh, or bravery, or kindness. Only ruthless gravity. The raw emotion in this section of the chapter is incredible. The fact that they could have prevented Logans death if they had just hung on a few minutes longer haunts both us, as the readers, and Joe himself. The interesting part comes at the end of the chapter when we start to get what if running through our heads. What would have happened if they had stayed on the ropes? What would have happened if someone had taken control and they had worked as a team? These what ifs run through our heads and through the characters heads and make us really think about what we have read here. Therefore this works excellently in creating both interest and suspense in this chapter. In conclusion I think McEwan is very successful in creating interest and suspense in this chapter. The techniques he uses are very interesting and effective, they really made me think. The emotion in the chapter is really interesting and makes you think a lot. You just really feel the need to read on all the way through the chapter, you need to know exactly what happens and when you do you feel strangely contented. It really gives you something to think about after you stop reading. In my opinion, this is one of the best opening chapters I have ever read.

An A to Z List of Countries That No Longer Exist

An A to Z List of Countries That No Longer Exist As countries merge, split, or simply decide to change their names, the list of countries that no longer exist has grown. The list below is far from comprehensive, but it includes the most notable former countries. Abyssinia Also known as the Ethiopian Empire, Abyssinia was a kingdom in northeast Africa. In the early 20th century, it split into the states of Eritrea and Ethiopia. Austria-Hungary A monarchy established in 1867, Austria-Hungary (also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire) included not just Austria and Hungary but also parts of the Czech Republic, Poland, Italy, Romania, and the Balkans. The empire collapsed at the end of World War I. Bengal Bengal was an independent kingdom in southern Asia that existed from 1338 to 1539. The area has since been divided into the states of Bangladesh and India. Burma Burma officially changed its name to Myanmar in 1989. However, many countries still have not recognized the change. Catalonia Catalonia was an autonomous region of Spain. It remained independent from 1932 to 1934 and from 1936 to 1939. Ceylon Ceylon was an island country located off the coast of India. In 1972, it changed its name to Sri Lanka. Corsica This Mediterranean island was ruled by various nations over the course of its history but had several brief periods of independence. Today, Corsica is a department of France. Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia was a country in eastern Europe. It peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993. East Pakistan This area was a province of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. It is now the independent state of Bangladesh. Gran Colombia Gran Colombia was a South American country that included what is now Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador from 1819 to 1830. Gran Colombia ceased to exist when Venezuela and Ecuador seceded from the union. Hawaii Though a kingdom for hundreds of years, Hawaii wasnt recognized as an independent country until the 1840s. The country was annexed to the United States in 1898. New Granada This South American country was part of Gran Colombia from 1819 to 1830 and was an independent country from 1830 to 1858. In 1858, the country became known as the Grenadine Confederation, then the United States of New Granada in 1861, the United States of Colombia in 1863, and finally, the Republic of Colombia in 1886. Newfoundland From 1907 to 1949, Newfoundland existed as the self-governing Dominion of Newfoundland. In 1949, Newfoundland joined Canada as a province. North Yemen and South Yemen Yemen split in 1967 into two countries, North Yemen (a.k.a. the Yemen Arab Republic) and South Yemen (a.k.a. the Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen). However, in 1990 the two rejoined to form a unified Yemen. Ottoman Empire Also known as the Turkish Empire, this empire began around 1300 and expanded to include parts of contemporary Russia, Turkey, Hungary, the Balkans, northern Africa, and the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire ceased to exist in 1923 when Turkey declared independence from what remained of the empire. Persia The Persian Empire extended from the Mediterranean Sea to India. Modern Persia was founded in the 16th century and later became known as Iran. Prussia Prussia became a Duchy in 1660 and a kingdom the following century. At its greatest extent, it included the northern two-thirds of modern Germany and western Poland. Prussia, by World War II a federal unit of Germany, was fully dissolved at the end of World War II. Scotland, Wales, and England Despite recent advances in autonomy, part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, both Scotland and Wales were independent nations that eventually merged with England to form the United Kingdom. Sikkim Sikkim was an independent monarchy from the 17th century until 1975. It is now part of northern India. South Vietnam South Vietnam existed from 1954 to 1976 as the anti-communist counterpart to North Vietnam. It is now part of unified Vietnam. Taiwan While Taiwan still exists, it is not always considered an independent country. However, it did represent China in the United Nations until 1971. Texas The Republic of Texas gained independence from Mexico in 1836. It existed as an independent country until it was annexed to the United States in 1845. Tibet A kingdom established in the 7th century, Tibet was invaded by China in 1950. Since then, it has been known as the Xizang Autonomous Region of China. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) For decades, this country was the most powerful communist nation in the world. In 1991, it broke into 15 new countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldovia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. United Arab Republic In 1958, non-neighbors Syria and Egypt joined together to form the United Arab Republic. In 1961, Syria abandoned the alliance, but Egypt kept the name United Arab Republic for itself for another decade.

Diplomatic Immunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diplomatic Immunity - Essay Example Yet because of ambiguities in the interpretation of the said international agreement, abuses of diplomatic immunities have become inevitable. These abuses of power and privilege range from petty crimes like traffic violations and debt to more serious crimes of conspiracy, rape, and murder. Because of this, efforts to clarify the extent and provisions of Diplomatic Immunity should take place. This paper will then attempt to provide suggestions on how to resolve and prevent abuses of diplomatic immunities. Diplomatic immunity, as agreed upon by the standards of international law, is a form of legal exemption extended to a country's diplomats. This entitles the diplomats and their immediate families to be exempted from the laws and local courts of the host country. Some of the general provisions of diplomatic immunity guarantee that the diplomats and their immediate families: "may not be arrested or detained, may not have their residences entered or searched, may not be subpoenaed as witnesses, and may not be prosecuted." (eDiplomat, 2006) The 1958 Yearbook of International Law Commission, as cited in Vrk (2003), mentions three theories about the legal bases of diplomatic immunity. ... ntatives of a sending state, the diplomats should also be given the same independence as a receiving state would have negotiated with the sending state itself. These two theories, of course, have long been deduced to legal fictions with all the faulty assumptions. The accepted theory behind diplomatic immunity now lies in the "theory of functional necessity." This theory is based on the need of diplomatic missions and diplomats to efficiently perform their duties and responsibilities according to what their country requires from them, without apprehensions of being criminally charged by the receiving state. For instance, diplomats are able to initiate unfounded penal proceedings without hindrances from the receiving state because of diplomatic immunity. According to eDiplomat (2006), "Diplomatic immunity is not meant to benefit individuals personally; it is meant to ensure that foreign officials can do their jobs. Under the concept of reciprocity, diplomats assigned to any country in the world benefit equally from diplomatic immunity." This assumption that diplomatic immunity would be reciprocally observed between sovereign states justifies the seemingly biased scales of justice. The rationale why countries agree to be dependent on a foreign country's decision before prosecuting a diplomat in their own territory is based on the fact that these countries are both receiving and sending diplomats. This means that they also have their own diplomats' immunity at stake in different countries across the globe. It is clearly stated in the preamble of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations that "the purpose of such privileges and immunities is not to benefit individuals but to ensure the efficient performance of the functions of diplomatic missions as representing

MPH502-Introduction to Public Health (Module 4 CBT) Essay

MPH502-Introduction to Public Health (Module 4 CBT) - Essay Example ation of chosen parameters from that of the ‘best’ group from all groups under study and is generally calculated in terms of adverse events wherever possible. Thus a higher percentage generally implies a comparatively more adverse situation. Health indicators for American Indian or Alaska Native Population were the best with regard to exposure to ozone, lowest number of deaths due to stroke and occurrence of hepatitis, diabetes, tuberculosis, gonorrhea and syphilis. But in areas as health insurance coverage among persons under age 65, new AIDS cases, infant deaths and deaths of persons aged 15 to 24 years the situation twice as worse as the best group. Data are available for the combined Asian or Pacific Islander population reveal that the group has best rates in death due to cancer, injury and violence prevention and, maternal, infant, and child health. However, this group is twice as worse than the best group in HIV testing among tuberculosis patients aged 25 to 44 years and congenital syphilis. The Hispanic population was the best in nutrition, tobacco use and injuries related to violence. But this group was twice as worst as the best group in health insurance coverage among persons under age 65 years, source of ongoing care, new AIDS cases and HIV infection deaths, new cases of tuberculosis, congenital syphilis and primary and secondary syphilis. (Midcourse Review: Healthy People 2010, 2007) Though biologic and genetic characteristics of American Indian or Alaska Native Population, Asian or Pacific Islander population or Hispanic population do not provide any categorical indication, major health disparities are observed between these groups and the white, non-Hispanic population in the United States leading one to conclude that race and ethnicity do play a significant role in health indicator disparities. Income and education, on the other hand are more ostensibly related to health indicator diversities. Generally, populations that are the poorest and

The Speech On Animal Testing Philosophy Essay

The Speech On Animal Testing Philosophy Essay Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, it is great to be here with you all on this marvellous morning. I am here to convince all of you to oppose, stop and disengage from the cruel, detrimental and unnecessary animal testing. Do you know that the lipstick, the eyeshadow and the mascara we use to make ourselves look more attractive have poisoned hundreds of thousands of innocent animals? Do you know that the hairspray, the hair gel and the perfume we use to make ourselves look smarter have blinded hundreds of thousands of innocent animals? Do you know that even the toothpaste, the shampoo and the soap we use everyday have killed hundreds of thousands of innocent animals? If your answer is No, now is the time for all of us to know it. Animal testing is not only a research to find cures for human diseases, it is also an experimentation to establish safety of various products such as daily necessities, cosmetic products and medicines. To produce a safe product for us, numerous animals have died in laboratories. To ensure our health, numerous animals have tortured in laboratories. To let us stay away from diseases, numerous animals have gone through the unbearable aches and pains in laboratories. An overview of animal testing of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals has judged us guilty of killing nearly 100 million of animals in research laboratories every year. Each year, nearly 100 million of animals have been burned, poisoned and starved. Each year, nearly 100 million of animals have been dosed with poisonous elements, driven insane and deliberately infected with diseases such as cancer, diabetes and AIDS. Each year, nearly 100 million of animals, their eyes are removed, their brains are damaged and their bones are broken. Each year, nearly 100 million of animals have been brutally abused, mercilessly tortured and defencelessly killed for human benefits. Did they deserve such cruel and brutal treatment? They died for genetics research, for biomedical research, for xenotransplantation, for physiological research, for medical research, for drug testing and for toxicology tests. Perhaps you may say these tests and researches are for a good cause, but is it a really good cause that numerous innocent animals are caged up, tortured and sacrificed to achieve? Perhaps you may say these tests and researches are good for your safety, but is the chemical reaction on an animal same as the one on a human being? Perhaps you may say these tests and researches are good for your health, but can these tests and researches reliably predict effects in humans? Are there no any side effects on human beings? Scientists and researchers claimed that they have unlimited access to animals for experiments in order to find cures for human diseases. Yet, animal testing has actually endangered the life of human beings as the results from animal testing cannot be applied to humans. According to PETAs fact sheet, they argued that In many cases, animal studies do not just hurt animals and waste money, they kill people too. Some drugs were all tested on animals and judged safe but had devastating consequences for the humans who used them. Have all of us thought that why this would happen? The answer is very simple. This is because animals and humans are completely different from each other. As Dr. Arie Brecher said, No animal species can serve as an experimental model for man. Scientists should ask themselves; do dogs have the same DNA as us? Do cats have the same genetic characteristic as us? Do rabbits or rats have the same body cell as us? It is absolutely ironic when scientists answer No to these questions while they are still using human benefits as an unacceptable and unconvincing excuse to perform the practice of animal experimentation. Thus, should we still keep our faith in scientists and researchers ability to find a cure via animal testing? Should we still believe in those products which have made millions of rabbits blind? Should we still depend on and rely on such an inaccurate experimentation to cure our diseases? For me, the answer to these questions is No. It should also be the answer of yours, the answer of our humane society, the answer of our country, the answer of all the five continents and the answer of the entire world. We have no the right to use animals as the subject for any researches or experimentations just as we do not have the right to experiment on humans without their consent. We should respect the right of all species just as we respects the right of all people. We should pitch in with the work against animal testing and stand up for animal rights, for the animals tortured and yelled behind laboratory doors just as we stand up for our own right. Like Sri Aurobindo said, Life is life whether in a cat, or dog or man. There is no difference there between a cat or a man. The idea of difference is a human conception for mans own advantage. Any of us who donates to a medical charity is actually assisting to fund the research involving animal testing. We fund to cover the expenses of cage, the expenses of feed and the expenses of experimental materials. We fund to provide and purchase animals as experimental subject. We fund to blind, scald and poison animals. Animals are just like our family, friends and companions. Is it right for us to provide money that causes our family, friends and companions to be subjected to medical research? Animals are just like us, they are creatures which created by god. Just like us, they have feelings. Just like us, they are able to feel pain, hunger and thirst. Just like us, they will grieve over loved ones they have lost. We should try to imagine the feeling of animals. We should imagine if we were massacred by those wild and ferocious animals and nobody is trying to save us. Imagine if we were living inside a small cage and waiting to die in vain. Imagine if we had no any control of our own life and had no any freedom. Imagine if we were forced to be injected with drugs or toxic substances when we had never even done anything. With modern technology that we have created these days, animal testing is really an unreliable, unscientific and unnecessary experimentation. Nowadays, we have plenty of alternatives which have a much higher percentage of success than animal testing. Instead of animal testing, we can use human cell culture systems; instead of animal testing, we can use computer mathematical models; instead of animal testing, we can use artificial human skin and eyes that mimic the bodys natural properties. I believe that with the changes in technology these days, we are able to find more ways and methods that scientists and researchers can do research without involving any cruelties and causing any harm to any creatures. Now, let us stop buying and using the products tested on animals. Now, let us save the ship of animal rights that had sunk to the bottom of the sea of humans ignorance, rudeness and curiosity. Now, let us dig up the roots of cruelty and start sowing the seeds of humanism all over the world. Now, let us start it today. Thank you very much.

Euthanasia Should Be Legalized

Euthanasia should be legalized The gift of life is the most precious gift of god to us. but all the good things have some gray shades. If our loved one is suffering from a long lasting illness, sans any hope of recovery, should we take the easy way out and go with euthanasia, or should one allow the patient to suffer in hope of a miracle. Nowadays,how often we see a person’s life being wasted away on the hospital beds after being through a terrible accident or health problem, when there is no scope of improvement. They go through a terrible ordeal not only physically but also emotionally And they are not the sole sufferers. Along with them suffer their loved ones. The life of such patients become living hell. Therefore, euthanasia should be legalized. Mercy killing of such people will be like doing them kindness, after their content lives and saving them from going through living torture. As it is better to have a short,happy and content life as opposed to a long one full of sufferings. Today is the era of cut throat competition. As the professionalism increases, people find less and less time for their family. When their family member is terribly ill without any hope of recovery, he becomes a burden on them. According to them, he has now not only become incapable and dependent on others, but also demand their time, money and care. As people have become sagacious, they see euthanasia as an easy option to get rid of their ‘burden’ as well as responsibility. Making euthanasia legal will give such people open license to murder and move on with their lives. in my opinion, euthanasia should not be legalised, but it should be an available option for those whose chances of recovery are way to bleak. If the case is genuine, that is, the patient is alive only on ventilators and shows no sign of improvement for some years, then euthanasia would be a better option. But if the family of the patient are only looking for an easy way out, then it should not be granted. It all depends on the nature of the case as well as the circumstances. Making euthanasia legal will always be a debatable issue. Humans by nature are strongly bonded to their loved ones, and in general will only go for euthanasia,if all the doors close and even the last ray of hope has been extinguished. But when the time comes in life to make this decision, it is essential for ourselves to use not only our minds but also our hearts.

Mythological Criticism on Harry Potter - 826 Words

Harry Potter series is mythological with allusions associated with Greek, the Arthurian legend, Biblical, Roman, medieval and many other folklore. For instance, a faithful dog of the Orion named Sirius in Greek mythology as to Sirius Black in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Sirius Black is a friend of Harry’s father and an Animagus (Garza), which is a wizard that can change into any animal at his willpower. From the books to the â€Å"movies† Harry Potter does have a connection with magical fantasy and mythological literature through pathways to different worlds, name associations with mythological stories and the ideas of immortality. The Platform Nine and Three Quarters is the entrance for Harry to go into the wizardry world, and it is the imagination between two different worlds, â€Å"The Wizarding world to an Arthurian world† (Garza). The other side of the world where pupils go for witchcraft and wizardry called, Hogwarts, is a place that could n ot be reached by â€Å"Muggles† (Doniger) and is â€Å"inhibited by wizards who are not humans† (Neye and Kriwett). Hogwarts is similar in comparison to the Greek mountain, Olympus, where the gods and goddesses lived. Hogwarts is a modern version of boarding school for multiracial boys and girls in an English setting. Muggles are not able to enter Hogwarts as humans not entering the Olympus. In the Arthurian legend, Professor Dumbledore would be closely associated with Merlin, a main character in the stories of King Arthur. Merlin isShow MoreRelatedOverview The Hero’s Adventure was created for the reflective professional struggling with2600 Words   |  11 PagesWhether big or small, a heroes life is ultimately seen as heroic and unforgettable in the eyes of human. Joseph Campbell’s work identifies hero’s from around the world and believes that hero’s are a popular topic to write about. Campbell focuses on mythological heroes and their significance to the physical and spiritual deeds. He calls this quest the monomyth. The film, Star Wars by George Lucas was based primarily off Campbell’s idea of a journey. This teaching guide has been created to educate students

Internet Banking Is Gaining Popularity Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3736 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Internet banking is gaining popularity in the banking industry and the regulatory community. This is due to the reflection of internet as a tool for commercial activity. This can also take place due to a strong potential that banking along with other financial services, provides an environment for the development of e-commerce. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Internet Banking Is Gaining Popularity Finance Essay" essay for you Create order At its core, banking involves the collection, storage, transfer and processing of information assets and the Internet is a powerful and efficient tool for handling these information processes. Banking through internet has emerged as a strategic resource for achieving higher efficiency, control of operations and reduction of cost by replacing paper based and labour intensive methods with automated processes thus leading to higher productivity and profitability. In India, a wider array of financial products and services has become available over the Internet which has thus become an important distribution channel for a number of banks. Banks boost technology investment spending strongly to address revenue, cost and competitiveness concerns. For some activities, banks hope to see a near-term impact on profitability. Other investments are motivated more by a desire to establish a competitive position or avoid falling behind the competition. DEFINITION Electronic banking, also known as e-banking, virtual banking and online banking, is a service that allows customers to access their bank information, conduct financial transactions, make deposits, withdrawals and pay bills through the Internet without having to physically visit their bank. It provides the convenience of accessing banking facilities from the comfort of their home or office. Internet banking is the facility for the customers to use the Internet, a decentralized electronic network with worldwide access, to obtain account/ custody account information and place payment and securities orders. Safe data transmission channels protect the confidentiality of the information conveyed. Internet banking is one form of Home banking.ÂÂ   INTERNET BANKING SERVICES PROVIDED BY BANKS View Your own accounts and your related ones Credit and Debit cards Funds Time deposit, Saving certificates Loans Treasury bonds Latest transactions of current month View, print and save your monthly statements Transfer Funds between your accounts To another bank account (Digital signature required) To your credit card To another banks credit card (Digital Signature required) Request Cheque book To change your mailing address To inquire or complain To add related accountÂÂ   (Power of attorney, parent/child or account with different customer number) To make External transfer ( Digital signature required ) Digital Signature registration Also Stop your credit card Subscribe in Alerts service (SMS /E mail) 1.2 GENESIS OF THE PROBLEM Pure online banking, the development of internet websites as a delivery channel, or traditional banking does not have the same implications. Internet may be exploited as a new delivery channel by the financial services industry to completely re-organize the structure of banks. The new challenges of the delivery channel is been explored through this research. 1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY Internet banking is receiving great attention in the banking industry and the community. Internet banking has been looked upon from customers point of view and the risks involved in the implementation of internet banking. This research aims at studying the bankers point of view and the challenges faced by them, with reference to the market developments. 1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY Internet banking has become the new bloom in the banking industry and the community. The research focuses on bankers perspective of internet banking and the impact it has created on the banks. Also the challenges the employees have faced in due respect with the implementation of internet banking in their banks. The research also studies the financial impact on the banks performance and the growth over the years. CHAPTER 2- REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 IMPORTANCE OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The study which I am taking as a part of this project is descriptive in nature and most of the studies concentrate only on the customers point of view of internet banking. This research will highlight the bankers point of view of internet banking and the various benefits it has provided and supported them in their operations. Literature review describes how the proposed research is related to prior research and determines the originality and relevance of the proposed research. 2.2 HOW THE REVIEW HAS BEEN DONE The review of literature has been extracted from research papers in similar fields of the topic and includes study of research papers from Proquest and online resources. The research papers were examined and an understanding of the paper was undertaken to highlight the findings of various researchers and scholars. 2.3 STUDIES CONDUCTED 1. The Impact of Internet Banking on Bank Performance and Risk- The Indian Experience- By PoojaMalhotra and Balwinder Singh The study reveals that out of 85 scheduled commercial banks, only 57% i.e. 48 banks, use net banking in their organizations. A univariate analysis was used which showed that large banks use internet banking and they have better operating ratios and profitability as compared to the non- internet banks. These banks rely on their core deposits as a basis of funding. Another tool used in the study was the multiple regression analysis which revealed that profitability and offering of internet banking doesnt have any impact on each other. Rather internet banking has a negative impact on profitability with the risk involved. Also internet banking affects positively the performance of foreign banks in terms of Return on Equity. Thus the study concludes that internet banking has helped the banks in reducing the risk profile with the advent of internet banking. 2. Online Banking Customers: Insights from Germany- By Sven Christian Berger and Sonja Gensler The research is studied based on interviews with German banking customers belonging to private households in Germany. The study includes factors such as demographics, product interest and use, risk aversion, direct banking affinity and bank use. The study reveals that online banking customers are willing to accept risks in exchange for higher interest rates and have high demand for banking products. For retail banks, profitable online banking customers are among the most promising customer segments and need to be given a top priority. 3.Internet Banking in Europe: a comparative analysis- By Francesca Arnaboldi1 and Peter Claeys According to the research conducted technological innovation boosts internet banking. The strategy of the banks to incorporate internet banking is to have a competitive edge on their business models. Researchers give importance to internet banking an effective and innovative delivery channel which represents new challenges in the financial sector. They are of the view that internet banking to the banks is a complementary product and not a substitute product for physical branches. It gives an insight into the market competitiveness and the overall expenditure involved including the RD expenditure. Taking due consideration of all the expenditures involved, the study revealed that internet banking has led to an increase in the return on assets and equity and also reduces operating costs. Increased internet access has enhanced network building with prospective clients and thus boosts the profit potential for the banks. 4. Changing Face of Banks and the Evaluation of Internet Banking in Turkey- By Bora Aktan and EdipTeker The study states the in todays competitive world with growing importance of technology and internet, banks need to adopt internet banking in order to keep in pace with client- banker service relationship and to attract prospective clients. Commercial banks are slowly becoming aware of the need and importance of the adoption of internet in their business operations. Internet banking is an emerging market with its growing potentiality and thus a key competitive field for future financial services among its young population. 5. Internet banking in Sweden- An exploratory study on its Symbiotic Benefits- By Solomon Okhiria The study highlighted the growing importance of use of internet banking by banks with their clients that lead to a number of additions and deductions on the value creation. The study was conducted in lieu of the statement that internet banking provides value to both the bank and its customers. The results provide an insight on the high rate of adoption of internet banking and the values the banks and their customers have benefitted from. Internet banking is a value adding process to make the customers life easier and banking much faster. Also internet banking is beneficial for the huge attention and investments that it has attracted, making it a profitable venture. To conclude the results, internet banking has also reduced the cost of delivery of service than the traditional methods of banking. 6. Internet banking in India: Emerging risks and new dimensions- By R. K.Uppal The study examines that private sector banks are on the top in providing the internet banking services to their customers. The research analyzed as to how technology is affecting the employees productivity. In India, the public sector banks will need to use technology in order to improve their operating efficiency and services. Technology will be used to add value to customer services, to develop new products, strengthen risk management, etc. Also it revealed that technology has transformed the delivery channels in banks banking business. The study has explored the challenges that the banking industry has faced, the extent of usage of internet banking by the customers and the various strategies to be adopted for internet banking services in India. The study strongly concludes on the note that technology and internet banking is the only tool to achieve a banks goal. 7. Acceptance of E-banking among Adult Customers- An Empirical Investigation in India- By Neha Dixit and Dr. Sarok K. Datta The study examines the change in the usage of banking services with a switch from traditional banking services to advanced self-service technology. The customers are able to interact with their bank accounts and transact virtually from anywhere without time restrictions. Internet banking establishes its basis on the expectations of accuracy, security, network speed, user-friendliness, user involvement, privacy, trust, familiarity and convenience. Adult customers always prefer advanced technology but sometimes lack knowledge to access such technologies (internet banking services). The fact that customers have positive perceptions of internet banking should be considered as important and needs to be valued, if not one bad experience can result in losses, dissatisfaction and disbelief in technology. 8. Technology policy and change in developing economies- Advancing a banking strategy for world developments- By M. O. Mahdi and Patrick Dawson The research paper highlights the recent developments in the international economy, namely liberalization, globalization and the application of Basel Committee recommendations in order to promote the adoption of internet banking. The study examines the technology policy and change in the banking industry. It focuses on developing economies that aim at development and growth with the advent of internet banking and the use of new technology. It states the various investments made, such as comprehensive IT training programmers for new personnels, modification of systems to accommodate the modes of internet banking practice, etc. Priority should be given to such investments as they bring out new dimensions of delivery channels and help in the development of the banks and the economy. 9. The Transformation of Banking and Its Impact on Consumers and Small Businesses- By William R. Keeton The study held there are three parameters for transformation in banking sector, mainly- Consolidation, internet banking and financial integration. Consolidation means the acquisition of assets in bank mergers. It has significantly increased from 1980s of 10 million dollars to 650 million dollars in 1998. The biggest change was in the importance of the megabanks who hold more than $100 billion of assets. There were around eight megabanks and together they accounted for 30% of domestic bank deposits at the end of 1999. Internet banking enabled commitment from large banks and there were about 3500 banks using the technology. The main benefit of internet banking to consumers is lower fees for banking services or higher rates on deposits. Also it provided greater convenience for payment of bills known as bill presentment. Internet banking from the bankers point of view benefits the bank to acquire overall financial condition of their online consumers thus to provide higher quality service, determine which products would best serve each customers financial goals and make those products available online. Internet banking is also beneficial to the small businesses in order to view their balances in real time, transfer money between accounts and originate wire transfers. Small firms could also get help from their banks in conducting business-to-business (B2B) commerce over the Internet-for example, in setting up automated systems for ordering and paying for new supplies when inventories fall below a critical level. Financial Integration made two major changes. First, it allowed bank holding companies to merge with insurance and securities companies and cross-sell their products. Second, it allowed bank holding companies that did not merge with other firms to offer new financial services on their own-for example, underwriting securities, selling or underwriting insurance, and making equity investments in business firms. On the whole, consumers appear to be benefiting from the changes. Consolidation has not been beneficial enough in reducing the competition as the mergers that were seen were not in the same city or country. Internet banking reduces the time and inconvenience of banking transactions and by providing access to the small communities that might otherwise be unavailable. It also provides the benefit of one-stop shopping. Combining these services would result in information gathering at lower prices. 10. How Has the Adoption of Internet Banking Affected Performance and Risk in Banks? By- Richard J. Sullivan The study provides an insight on internet banking where in a bank website provides insight into the branch locations and product descriptions. They also provide information on a number of interactive services such as financial calculators, loan or deposit application, and access to account balances and bill payment. Banks are divided into four types- Community banks, large community banks, Regional banks and Large Regional banks. All these categories of banks are assessed on their demographic and market characteristics, funding income and lending characteristics and financial risk and performance. A bank can generate a large number of Internet transactions if it has a sizeable customer base, a high participation rate among its customers, and customers who actively use the system. Banks offering Internet banking are taking a risk by adopting the technology at an early stage of the products life cycle. Results show that Internet banking has been introduced into markets with characteris tics such as a highly educated population that may increase customer acceptance. Also the business strategy of banks is consistent with the type of functions offered on their Web sites. Overall though there is high risk involved, the banks performance has improved substantially and would reap benefits soon in the near future. 2.4 RESEARCH GAP In all the studies conducted by various researchers it is noticed that most of the research is based on the customers point of view. Bankers point of view is not taken into consideration. Internet banking has created significant impact on a bank employee by reducing their work load transaction, increase in the productivity, increase in knowledge, reduction in processing time, etc. Hence, this research is conducted to consider a bank and its employees point of view of internet banking. Also, most of the studies conducted are based in countries outside India. Hence this research focuses on impact of bankers in Bangalore, India. 2.5 HOW THE REVIEW WAS USEFUL The review helped in an in-depth understanding of the concept of internet banking and the various concepts related to internet banking. Also it helped in analyzing how internet banking has become a new delivery channel in the banking industry and community. The advantages and challenges involved in the implementation of internet banking and the implications on the banks performance were also highlighted. The various factors and risks associated with internet banking were also studied and analyzed. CHAPTER 3- DESIGN AND METHOD OF STUDY 3.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A study on the impact of internet banking on the bank and its employees 3.2 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS 1. Electronic banking- E-banking can be defined as the use of electronic delivery channels for banking products and services, and is a subset of electronic finance. The most important electronic delivery channels are the Internet, wireless communication networks, automatic teller machines and telephone banking. Internet banking is a subset of e-banking that is primarily carried out by means of the internet. 2. Brick and mortar banking- AÂÂ  branch,ÂÂ  banking centerÂÂ  orÂÂ  financial centerÂÂ  is aÂÂ  retailÂÂ  location where aÂÂ  bank,ÂÂ  credit union, or otherÂÂ  financial institutionÂÂ  (and by extension,ÂÂ  brokerage firms) offers a wide array ofÂÂ  face-to-face services to its customers. These are typically stand alone branches of a financial institution that often are contained in its own building. These branches typically offer full service banking including safe deposit boxes. They may include access to drive-through teller windows. 3. Brick and click banking- It is the buying and selling of product or service over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on such technologies asÂÂ  electronic funds transfer,ÂÂ  supply chain management,ÂÂ  Internet marketing,ÂÂ  online transaction processing,ÂÂ  electronic data interchangeÂÂ  (EDI),ÂÂ  inventory management systems, and automatedÂÂ  data collectionÂÂ  systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transactions life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail,ÂÂ  mobile devicesÂÂ  and telephones as well. 4. Electronic money- It isÂÂ  moneyÂÂ  or scripÂÂ  that is only exchangedÂÂ  electronically. Generally this involves the use ofÂÂ  computer networks, theÂÂ  internetÂÂ  andÂÂ  digital stored valueÂÂ  systems.ÂÂ  Electronic funds transferÂÂ  (EFT), direct deposit,ÂÂ  digital gold currencyÂÂ  andÂÂ  virtual currenciesÂÂ  are all examples of electronic money.ÂÂ   5. Transactional Website- A transactional web site is an internet website of a bank that allows the customer, at minimum, to initiate inter-account transfers. 3.3 VARIABLES OF THE STUDY The purpose of the research is to understand the effect of internet banking revolution on the bank and its employees. Various variables to be studied under this research are- Primary Research- Impact on workload Personal development Processing time Convenience Benefits of internet banking Improvement of internet banking Electronic data interchange Real time gross settlement Secondary Research- Deposit growth Efficiency Ratio Capital Adequacy Ratio Return on Equity Cost to Income Ratio 3.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The Research is being conducted for the following reasons: To determine the bank performance on advent and incorporation of internet banking. To determine the impact internet banking has on the employees of the firm. To quantify the economic impact of internet banking. 3.5 HYPOTHESIS The hypothesis to be studied under the research are defined as follows- 1. H0- Internet banking has not created significant impact on the bank and its employees. H1- Internet banking has created a significant impact on the bank and its employees. 2. H0- Internet banking has not increased the productivity of the bank and its employees. H1- Internet banking has increased the productivity of the bank and its employees. 3. H0- Internet banking has not reduced the time taken for processing of transactions of the bank and its employees. H1- Internet banking has reduced the time taken for processing of transactions of the bank and its employees. 4. H0- Internet banking has not been cost effective on the bank and its employees. H1- Internet banking has been cost effective on the bank and its employees. 5. H0- Internet banking has not helped in the knowledge up gradation of the bank and its employees. H1- Internet banking has helped in the knowledge up gradation of the bank and its employees. 3.6 SAMPLING PROCEDURE 1. Target Population- Bank employees in Bangalore, with more emphasis given on the areas like Sanjaynagar and surrounding areas, where the possibility of getting information is high. 2. Sampling Element- Questionnaire will be administered to the individuals. Also it will be administered to both male female employees. 3. Sampling Frame- Individual employees working in the bank. 4. Sampling Method- A survey with a well framed questionnaire will be done with the respective target segment which fulfils the required objectives of the research. An in-depth interview will be conducted for the respondents. 5. Sample Size- Approximately 30 and above respondents. 6. Sampling Administration- Survey questionnaire will be administered to the specific target population between the hours 2:00 P.M 4:00 P.M on weekdays. On weekends, the survey can be conducted till afternoon only keeping in the work timings of the banks. 3.7 TOOLS USED IN THE STUDY PRIMARY RESEARCH- The primary data will be collected through survey method. A survey will be conducted with the help of a well-designed questionnaire and would be addressed to the respondents coming under our sampling frame. The questions contained in the questionnaire are Close-Ended Questions. SECONDARY RESEARCH- The secondary research will be done on the data collected from some organizations and internet. 3.8 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The techniques to be used for doing the analysis are as follows: 1. Frequency distribution- A representation, either in a graphical or tabular format, which displays the number of observationsÂÂ  within a givenÂÂ  interval. The intervals must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive. 2. Cross-tabulation- Cross tabulation is a method used when creating graphs which display how different items inter-relate. This allows those creating and reviewing the graphs to see where two or more pieces of data directly relate to or affect one another. It will help to search for patterns of interaction. If certain cells contain disproportionately large (or small) numbers of cases, then this suggests that there might be a pattern of interaction. 3. Hypothesis testing- AÂÂ  statistical hypothesisÂÂ  is an assumption about a populationÂÂ  parameter. This assumption may or may not be true.ÂÂ  Hypothesis testingÂÂ  refers to the formal procedures used by statisticians to accept or reject statistical hypotheses. There are two types of statistical hypotheses. Null hypothesis. The null hypothesis, denoted by H0, is usually the hypothesis that sample observations result purely from chance.ÂÂ   Alternative hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1ÂÂ  or Ha, is the hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by some non-random cause. 4. Anova- A statistical analysis tool that separates the total variability found within a data set into two components: random and systematic factors. The random factors do notÂÂ  have any statisticalÂÂ  influence on the given data set, while the systematic factors do. The ANOVA test is used to determine the impactÂÂ  independent variables have on the dependent variable in a regression analysis. Icici bank established 1994 Net banking 1998 1995-1998 n 1998-2001 95-96, 96-97, 97-98 - 98-99, 99-00, 00-01 Sbi established 1955 Net banking 2002 1999-2002 n 2002-2005 99-00, 00-01, 01-02 02-03, 03-04, 04-05